课题名称 Sino-African International trade and economics ecosystem under the belt and road initiative (ivory coast port)
课题性质 基础研究 radic; 应用课题 设计型 调研综述 理论研究开题报告内容： Over the last two decades, China has established a significant economic presence in most African countries. Its lucrative economic investment package, flexible political approach, and focused big-ticket development projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provide an ostensibly massive opportunity to African countries. However, the unilateral nature of the initiative, the lack of transparency and accountability to African countries, and the absence of projects that directly benefit locals have raised suspicions and fueled local resentment. There are increasing instances of African countries cancelling or postponing BRI projects over rising debt concerns. This brief discusses the nature of the BRI, specifically in the African continent, and its advantages and disadvantages for the host countries.Many countries including Ivory Coast that were not part of the One Belt One Road strategy, proposed to China to take part of this innovative strategy and later Ivory Coast was officially accepted. During the Chinese Go out strategy many Chinese Private and State-owned enterprises invested in this West African country. Thus, through the China One Belt One Road strategy, more Chinese enterprises are expected to invest in Ivory Coast. Because of the net increase of the labor cost in China, many Chinese factories will move to Africa, as it has already happened in Ethiopia since the labor cost in African countries is still low. Ivory Coast has a port that serves as a gateway port for neighboring countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso and is also a politically stable country. It is considered by China as a potential economic leader of West Africa in the coming years. Being the most populated region of Africa, with a huge population estimated at 320,347,000 Million people, West Africa is considered to have the biggest market in the continent by many Chinese investors.
课题背景和意义:Trade between China and Africa has surged drastically from US$1 billion in 1980 to US$128 billion in 2016. Since 2000, it has provided cumulative loans of US$143 billion in Africa, with half of them given over the last four years alone, making it Africas largest bilateral creditor. [4] At the 2018 Forum for ChinaAfrica Cooperation in Beijing, China offered Africa US$60 billion for development financing until 2021. [5]Built in 1950, Abidjan port is the main port of Ivory Coast, which is the second largest economy of West Africa. Ivory Coast and China established their diplomatic relations in 1983 and since 2009 China has become one of its main trade partners. Because of its strategic location, Ivory Coast is the center of economic activity in West Africa. Having been implemented in 2013, the Chinese One Belt One Road strategy follows the Chinese Go out strategy that was implemented in the beginning of this Century. Its main objective is to link Asian, European and African countries by maritime routes and overland roads, involving building many infrastructures in those countries. This initiative received the support and active participation from many Asian, European and African countries as it will accelerate the establishment of a multi-tier cooperation platform [1]. The 21st Maritime Silk Road strategy will uphold the basic principle of open cooperation, harmonious inclusiveness, market operation and mutual benefits [2]. It will build a transcontinental China oriented infrastructure and will have a positive impact on Chinese outbound investment [3], [4]. Through this strategy, land and maritime passages will be built and the two-way international logistics system will be established anddeveloped [5]. Many countries including Ivory Coast that were not part of the One Belt One Road strategy, proposed to China to take part of this innovative strategy and later Ivory Coast was officially accepted. During the Chinese Go out strategy many Chinese Private and State-owned enterprises invested in this West African country. Thus, through the China One Belt One Road strategy, more Chinese enterprises are expected to invest in Ivory Coast. Because of the net increase of the labor cost in China, many Chinese factories will move to Africa, as it has already happened in Ethiopia since the labor cost in African countries is still low. Ivory Coast has a port that serves as a gateway port for neighboring countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso and is also a politically stable country. It is considered by China as a potential economic leader of West Africa in the coming years. Being the most populated region of Africa, with a huge population estimated at 320,347,000 Million people, West Africa is considered to have the biggest market in the continent by many Chinese investors.In order to find a solution to the container congestion problem that Abidjan port currently faces, the Abidjan port authority decided to build a second container terminal that will be able to receive bigger ships and correctly handle the containers. In 2014, Ivory Coast received $875 million US Dollars from China via the China Exim bank to finance this project, an amount that represents 85% of the total amount needed by the Abidjan Port Authority for this project [6]. Until now, it is still the largest investment made by China in the development of a port in Africa. China being far from Europe, highly investing in Ivory Coast is good, since it is close and has a direct maritime route to Europe making it a greater advantage. Ivory Coast can therefore become a future base for many Chinese factories, as the goods that they will produce can easily not only reach the West African market, but also the European market. Abidjan port will therefore play an important role because a large quantity of equipment will be imported from China by Chinese investors via this port to open up factories. And the products produced by these factories will be exported also via the same port hence making work easier. The questions to be asked are, why did China invest such a big amount of money for the development of Abidjan port? How can Abidjan port benefit from Chinese new strategy? Can the impact of the China One Belt One Road strategy easily be seen? What is the current trade situation between China and Ivory Coast? Is there any trade potential between the two countries? What strategies can the Abidjan Port Authority use to develop Abidjan port? This article provides answers to these questions. It is well known that the higher the demand of a country for goods becomes, the higher its trade volume may increase, thus the Gravity Model will be used in this article to estimate the trade potential between Chinaand Ivory Coast and a forecast will be made on the China export trade value to Ivory Coast..
四、研究方法与手段：1. Literature data method: by searching the literature and materials in well-known domestic and foreign databases such as, google.com/articale, cnki.net , pubmed, etc., to obtain relevant literature on the Sino-African International trade and economics ecosystem under the belt and road initiative (ivory coast port) model in china and overseas , for further research .2. Comparative analysis method: compare the previews situation and several African countries and the impact the of belt and road initiative from both side ( china-africa), and put forward corresponding suggestions.
五、论文三级大纲：前言ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DEFINITION AND LITTERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition 3. THE IMPACT OF CHINAS ONE BELT ONE ROAD INITIATIVE IN AFRICA: THE EVIDENCE FROM IVORY COAST 3.1 Ivory Coast, an Open Door to Africa 3.2 The Impact of China One Belt One Road on Abidjan Port (Ivory Coast) 3.2.1 Deepening of the Vridi canal 3.2.2 Forty Chinese Companies 3.2.3 Learn from Other Countries 4.1Historical Background and Diplomatic Relations between China and Africa 4.2 Chinas Belt and Road Initiative: Implications in Africa 4.3 Chinas Investments in Africa And Their Impact 5. THE IMPACT OF ONE BELT ONE ROAD IN INFRASTRUCTURE IN IVORY COAST 5.1 The outcome of one Belt one Road in Ivorians Economy 5.2 Chinese 'new roads' of silk are dreaming of Africa 6. SUGGESTED STRATEGIES (ABIDJAN PORT) 6.1 Abidjan Autonomous Port in turmoil to remain competitive 6.2 Port of Abidjan: 25 Mt traffic in 2019 7. CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES
六、进度安排：进度安排 主要科研内容 考核指标2020.12-2021.02 选题、查阅文献，完成文献综述 文献综述2021.02-2021.03 确定论文提纲，细化整体研究方案 撰写开题报告2021.03-2021.04 总结国内外模式类型和典型模式分析 撰写论文初稿2021.04-2021.05 对初稿进行补充和修正 修改意见、论文二稿2021.05-2021.06 论文答辩，方案论证 专家意见汇总、论文终稿
七、参考文献[1] Known by its English acronym FOCAC (Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, zhongfei hezuo luntan), these 'ministerial conferences' meet alternately in China and Africa: in Beijing in 2000, 2006 and 2012, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in 2006 and Charm-el-Sheik (Egypt) in 2009. The next summit will take place in South Africa in 2015. A growing number of African heads of state and government are taking part.[2] In 2013, China had thirty Confucius institutes in twenty-two African countries ().[3] This section is partly inspired by Gabas and Chaponnire [2012].[4] We use Chinese statistics here [National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2012].[5] The total Chinese FDI abroad includes a large number of circular investments (which return to China), including Hong Kong (62% of the stock at the end of 2011).[6] And Frances total development assistance (public and private) was $35 billion in 2010, while the United States total was $214 billion (see ).[7] At the 2006 FOCAC, China also announced the cancellation of $1.4 billion in debt.[8] Estimated between 250,000 [Overseas, 2011, p. 414] and 450,000 [Bodomo, 2012].[9] In 2010, 81.5% of Chinese tourists visited Asia, 12% in Europe, 3.2% in America and 1.9% in Oceania, according to the China National Tourism Association [Song, 2012].[10] A. O. Luqman, N. A. A. Bakar, and A. A. M. Izraf, The gravity model approach: application on the ECO WAS trading bloc, South East European 67-75, 2016. Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 11, no. 1, pp.[11] A. Sedjini and I. Kraja, International trade of albania: Gravity model,European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, vol. 1,no. 3, pp. 219-227, 2014.[12] Africa article 2019/04/02/ Ivory coast port of Abidjan-the China www.lemonde.fr[13] B. B. Niang, Assessment of trade potential of Senegal and Morocco,Modern Economy, vol. 07, no. 1, pp. 27-38, 2016.[14] C. P. Zhu, The construction capability, challenges and the corresponding countermeasures of the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, Springer Singapore, pp. 3-30, 2016.[15] C.-C. Wang, Y.-H. Tu and H.-L. Wong, The comparison between multivariate fuzzy time series and traditional time series modeling to forecasting China Exports, in Proc. Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, pp. 1487-1490, 2009.[16] E. Rasoulinezhad and G. S. Kang, A panel data analysis of South Koreas Trade with OPEC member countries: The gravity model approach, Iran. Econ. Rev., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 203-224, 2016.[17] F.-P. V. D. Putten and M. Meijnders, China, Europe and the Maritime Silk Road, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, pp. 1-37, 2015[18] G. Gebrehiwot and B. Gebru, Ethiopias foreign trade potential:Inferences from a dynamic gravity approach, International Journal of Economics and Business Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 355-375, 2015. [19] H. T. Karamuriro and W. N. Karukuza, Determinants of UgandaS export performance; A gravity model approach, International Journal of Economics and Business Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 45-54, 2015.[20] H. Y. Wang and M. Lu, One Belt, One Road and future directions for Chinese outbound investment, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 172-186, 2016[21] Insights making the belt and road initiative work www.odi.org[22] J. Ledolter, Estimation bias in the first-order autoregressive model and its impact on predictions and prediction intervals, Communication in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, pp. 771-787, 2009.[23] J. Liu, Development of regional logistics along the One Belt and One Road, Springer Singapore, pp. 77-101, 2016.[24] L. K. Jun, Study of Chinas export trade flow based on gravity model, Master Degree thesis, School of Economy and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2009.[25] L. Zhu, The construction model of One Belt and One Road: Mechanisms and platforms, Springer Singapore, pp. 111-127, 2016.[26] Makarevic, Export potential of Pakistan: Evidence from the gravity model of trade, European Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 14, pp. 212-220, 2015.[27] Port autonomous of Abidjan inauguration of the channel of vridi approved www.transports.gouv.ci.
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