基于转录组的植物响应镉胁迫研究进展
摘要:镉元素作为植物生长发育中的一大毒害重金属元素,一直以来是农、林业等行业的“心头大患”。而镉元素的非天然性的积累究其根本在于早年工业发展时,对工业化工废弃物的不合理处置,导致土壤中的非必需重金属含量远高于自然界原本存在的土壤本身的重金属含量。不过植物在早期漫长的进化过程中,产生了一系列应对土壤中重金属元素的保护机制,以此保护植物体并减轻来自于毒害元素的伤害。近些年来,科学家们对各种植物的镉胁迫响应分子机制做了详尽的研究与探讨,旨在通过对植物分子机制的破译,对后续的研究发展提供宝贵的实验理论支持。
关键词:镉胁迫;分子机制;重金属毒害;转录组
Abstract: cadmium, as a major toxic heavy metal element in plant growth and development, has always been a 'major trouble' in agriculture, forestry and other industries. The root of the unnatural accumulation of cadmium lies in the unreasonable disposal of industrial and chemical wastes during the early industrial development, resulting in the content of non essential heavy metals in the soil is much higher than that in the soil itself. However, in the long process of early evolution, plants have produced a series of protective mechanisms against heavy metals in soil, so as to protect plants and reduce the damage from toxic elements. In recent years, scientists have done detailed research and Discussion on the molecular mechanism of cadmium stress response in various plants, in order to provide valuable experimental and theoretical support for the follow-up research and development through the interpretation of plant molecular mechanism.
Keywords: cadmium stress; Molecular mechanism; Heavy metal toxicity; Transcriptome
1.镉元素对高等植物生长及生理危害
1.1Cd对光合作用的影响
光合作用是绿色植物成为大自然最重要的生产者的主要原因。含叶绿素的绿色植物在光照条件下将太阳能转换为能被生物体利用的化学能,是绿色植物产能的关键之一。而较高浓度的镉元素累积与植物体内时对于其光合作用具有的抑制作用,对原本正常的光合系统造成伤害,其中以PS II系统受影响最大[1-4]。
通过对叶片的干鲜重的测定,气孔导度测量等方式,镉处理后的植物体变化与正常植株对比。科学家们测定水培法培养下的植物细胞内光合系统各种生理参数,主要从细胞小分子物质含量及细胞器微形态方面测定,如叶绿素含量,叶绿体膜结构、类囊体片层结构形态等。
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