摘 要近年来，科学技术的飞速发展带动了人们物质生活的极大丰富，高脂饮食在日常饮食中变得常见。
许多研究表明，高脂饮食与机体脂代谢有着紧密联系。
最近的研究发现肠道微生物群对宿主有多种影响，肠道微生物群结构发生变化在心血管疾病中起着重要作用。
高脂饮食通过减少肠道内养料来源、改变氧化还原状态、破坏菌群赖以生存的微环境，导致双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等正常菌群的生长受到抑制，而肠杆菌增多，造成肠道菌群失调，这种失调能导致血脂代谢的异常，而反过来血脂代谢的异常进一步加重肠道菌群失调，这就形成了一个恶性循环。
因此通过调节肠道菌群的组成来预防和改善高脂血症等心血管疾病已经成为新的研究热点。
关键词：高脂饮食；脂代谢；肠道菌群；益生菌 Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the great enrichment of peoples material life. High-fat diet has become common in daily diet. Many studies have shown that high-fat diet is closely related to body fat metabolism. Recent studies have found that intestinal microflora has multiple effects on the host. Changes in the structure of intestinal microflora play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. High-fat diet inhibits the growth of normal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus by reducing the source of nutrients in intestine, changing the redox state and destroying the microenvironment on which bacteria depend. Enterobacteria increase and cause gut microbiota imbalance. This imbalance can lead to abnormal lipid metabolism, which in turn further aggravates intestinal flora imbalance. This creates a vicious circle. Therefore, it has become a new research hotspot to prevent and improve cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia by regulating the composition of gut microbiota. Key Words: high-fat diet; lipid metabolism; gut microbiota; probiotics 引言高脂食品是指脂肪含量高的食物。
血清胆固醇含量被认为是诱发心血管疾病的主要因素，而血清胆固醇含量与摄入的高脂食品有密切联系。
高脂血症是中老年人最常见的心血管疾病之一。
这种以血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白升高,高密度脂蛋白降低为主要特征的血脂代谢紊乱是导致动脉粥样硬化等严重心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一。
明确高脂饮食、肠道菌群和脂代谢之间的关系, 对改善脂代谢异常，从而降低动脉硬化、心血管疾病发病率有重要意义。
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